Peptide ni ifumbire mvaruganda, idafite umwuma muri aside amine kandi irimo carboxyl na amatsinda ya amino.Ni amphoteric compound.Polypeptide nuruvange rwakozwe na acide amino ihujwe hamwe na peptide.Nibicuruzwa bigereranijwe bya protein hydrolysis.Ikorwa no kubura umwuma no kwegeranya molekile 10 ~ 100 ya aside amine, kandi uburemere bwayo buri munsi ya 10000Da.Irashobora kwinjira mu gice cya kabiri cyinjira kandi ntigutwarwa na acide trichloroacetic na sulfate ya amonium, harimo peptide ya bioaktike na peptide yubukorikori.
Imiti ya polypeptide yerekeza kuri polypeptide ifite ingaruka zihariye zo kuvura binyuze muri synthesis ya chimique, gene recombination hamwe no gukuramo inyamaswa n’ibimera, bigabanijwe cyane cyane muri polypeptide ya endogenous (nka enkephalin na thymosine) nizindi polypeptide zidasanzwe (nkuburozi bwinzoka na acide sialic).Uburemere bugereranije bwimiti ya polypeptide iri hagati yimiti ya proteine nibiyobyabwenge bya micromolecule, bifite ibyiza byimiti ya micromolecule nibiyobyabwenge bya poroteyine.Ugereranije n’imiti ya micromolecule, imiti ya polypeptide ifite ibikorwa biologiya byinshi kandi byihariye.Ugereranije n’imiti ya poroteyine, imiti ya polypeptide ifite ituze ryiza, ubudahangarwa buke, isuku nyinshi kandi igiciro gito.
Polypeptide irashobora kwinjizwa mu buryo butaziguye n'umubiri, kandi umuvuduko wo kwihuta urihuta, kandi kwinjiza polypeptide bifite umwanya wambere.Byongeye kandi, peptide ntishobora gutwara intungamubiri gusa, ahubwo inohereza amakuru ya selile kugirango ategeke imitsi.Imiti ya polypeptide ifite ibiranga ibikorwa byinshi, guhitamo byinshi, uburozi buke hamwe n’intego nyinshi, ariko muri icyo gihe, bafite n'ingaruka z’ubuzima bucye bwigihe gito, imiterere mibi ya selile hamwe ninzira imwe yubuyobozi.
Urebye ibitagenda neza ku biyobyabwenge bya polypeptide, abashakashatsi bakoze ibishoboka byose mu nzira yo guhuza peptide kugira ngo borohereze imiti ya polypeptide.Kuzunguruka peptide ni bumwe mu buryo bwo guhuza peptide, kandi iterambere rya peptide ya cyclicale ryazanye umuseke ku biyobyabwenge bya polypeptide.Peptide ya cyclicale ifitiye akamaro ubuvuzi kuberako ihindagurika ryiza rya metabolike, guhitamo no gukundana, ingirabuzimafatizo ya selile no kuboneka kumanwa.Peptide ya cycle ifite ibikorwa byibinyabuzima nka anti-kanseri, kurwanya indwara, anti-fungus na anti-virusi, kandi bitanga molekile yibiyobyabwenge.Mu myaka ya vuba aha, imiti ya peptide ya cyclicique yitabiriwe n'abantu benshi, kandi uruganda rukora imiti rwakurikiranye inzira yo guteza imbere ibiyobyabwenge bishya kandi rushyira ahagaragara imiti y’ibiyobyabwenge ya peptide.
Dr. Chen Shiyu wo mu Ishuri Rikuru rya Farumasi rya Shanghai, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa yazanye imiti ya peptide ya cyclicale yemejwe kuva mu 2001 kugeza 2021 mu miti yayo ya peptide ya peptide yemejwe mu biyobyabwenge bibiri bishize.Mu myaka 20 ishize, ku isoko hari ubwoko 18 bwimiti ya peptide ya cyclicale peptide, muribo umubare wa peptide ya cyclicale ukora kuri synthesis ya selile na β-1,3- glucanase intego nini cyane, hamwe nubwoko 3 buri umwe.Imiti yemewe ya peptide yemewe ikingira anti-infection, endocrine, sisitemu yumubiri, metabolisme, ikibyimba / ubudahangarwa hamwe na sisitemu yo hagati yo hagati, muri yo harimo kurwanya no kwanduza imiti ya peptide ya endocrine igera kuri 66.7%.Ku bijyanye nubwoko bwikwirakwizwa, hariho imiti myinshi ya peptide peptide yazengurutswe na disulfide kandi ikazunguruka na amide, kandi imiti 7 na 6 yemejwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-18-2023